Asmeninių įvardžių linksniavimas Lithuanian personal pronoun declension
Asmeniniai įvardžiai are personal pronouns: aš (I), tu (you, singular), jis (he), ji (she), mes (we), jūs (you, plural), jie (they, masculine) and jos (they, feminine). Like nouns, they change for case — the case shows the role of a word in the sentence (who does something, to whom, with whom, where). Often the whole word changes, not just the ending, much like English I – me: aš – manęs – man, so it is easiest to learn each form as a whole. The tables below show every form in six cases: vardininkas (nominative), kilmininkas (genitive), naudininkas (dative), galininkas (accusative), įnagininkas (instrumental) and vietininkas (locative).
Vienaskaita / Singular
| I | you | he | she | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| kas? | aš | tu | jis | ji |
| ko? | manęs | tavęs | jo | jos |
| kam? | man | tau | jam | jai |
| ką? | mane | tave | jį | ją |
| kuo? | manimi | tavimi | juo | ja |
| kur? kame? | manyje | tavyje | jame | joje |
Daugiskaita / Plural
| we | you | they (masc.) | they (fem.) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| kas? | mes | jūs | jie | jos |
| ko? | mūsų | jūsų | jų | jų |
| kam? | mums | jums | jiems | joms |
| ką? | mus | jus | juos | jas |
| kuo? | mumis | jumis | jais | jomis |
| kur? kame? | mumyse | jumyse | juose | jose |
Note
- In the third person plural the form depends on gender. Jie is masculine: used for a group of men or a mixed group of men and women (one man is enough). Jos is feminine: used only for a group of women. Výtautas ir̃ Mìndaugas yrà ìš Lietuvõs. Jiẽ yrà lietùviai.Vytautas and Mindaugas are from Lithuania. They are Lithuanians. Výtautas ir̃ Marijà yrà ìš Lietuvõs. Jiẽ yrà lietùviai.Vytautas and Maria are from Lithuania. They are Lithuanians. Marijà ir̃ Ãgnė yrà ìš Lietuvõs. Jõs yrà lietùvės.Maria and Agnė are from Lithuania. They are Lithuanians.
- Third-person pronouns (jis, ji, jie, jos) refer not only to people but also to things — following the gender of the noun, where English uses it: Mán patiñka šìtas skvèras. Jìs labaĩ gražùs. — I like this little park. It is very beautiful. Mán patiñka šità aikštė̃. Jì labaĩ gražì. — I like this square. It is very beautiful.
- To address one person politely, Lithuanian uses jūs (plural you), like French vous or German Sie. The verb is then plural, but an adjective stays singular and agrees with the person's gender: Ar̃ jū̃s kal̃bate lietùviškai? — Do you speak Lithuanian? Jū̃s ẽsate labaĩ malonùs (to a man) / malonì (to a woman) — You are very kind. In letters and formal writing the polite Jūs, Jūsų is often capitalised.
- Personal pronouns have no vocative case (šauksmininkas).
Pavyzdžiai / Examples
Pronouns in different cases — in short dialogues.
Kilmininkas– Kõ tù láuki? – Tavę̃s. — Who are you waiting for? — For you. Naudininkas– Kám tù kepì pyrãgą? – Šiañdien ateĩs màno draugaĩ. Àš kepù pyrãgą jíems. — Who are you baking the pie for? — My friends are coming today. I'm baking the pie for them. Galininkas– Ar̃ tù palydė́si manè? – Taĩp, àš būtinaĩ palydė́siu tavè. — Will you see me off? — Yes, I will definitely see you off. Įnagininkas– Sù kuõ tù einì į̃ kavìnę? – Čià mãno draugaĩ. Àš einù į̃ kavìnę sù jaĩs. — Who are you going to the café with? — These are my friends. I'm going to the café with them. VietininkasČià mū́sų senẽlių nãmas. Anksčiaũ jamè gyvẽnome ir̃ mẽs. — This is our grandparents' house. We used to live in it too.Practise pronoun declension
The Treniruoklis 3.0 app has exercises on every form in these tables, with audio and stress marks. You can try it for free.